Essay about Cannibal Spell vs Hymn to Aten - 732 Words

COMPARE AND CONTRAST CANNIBAL SPELL FOR KING UNIS AND GREAT HYMN TO ATEN Early civilizations each chose their own way to interpret their world and convey the morals and expectations they valued. Though the differences between them are many and vast, there are several common themes found as the oldest societies this world knows began to define their existence and purpose in the universe. No matter where they found themselves, they possessed a universal question and curiosity of their origins. Two of the most ancient pieces of writing scholars have access to are the Cannibal Spell for King Unis, and The Great Hymn to the Aten. The Spell was found in the temple of a buried king, never meant to be gazed upon by human eyes. It describes a†¦show more content†¦Both tales contain a single, omnipotent, all-powerful deity that keeps himself entirely separate from the humans, and requires their worship of his greatness. In this version, the almighty created humans to bear the burden o f the gods (Norton Anthology, 158.) The Enuma Elish addresses the omnipotence of the gods by labeling divine knowledge as â€Å"the entirety of all of everything† (Norton Anthology, 24). The Greek and Roman creation stories reflect much about the beliefs of their citizens and the expectation they had of each other from the way these tales were revered. The Romans were a society that valued duty above all, and a unified version of their tales. The ultimate goal of the Roman citizens was to create one massive, unified empire. The Greeks however, valued agon, or conflict. They felt it kept the best work at the forefront, and constant competition would force the best results. Their tales varied from city-state to city-state, so there are several versions of the Hesiod myth, for example. The Hesiod and Ovid creation tales contain many of the same characteristics, however. The gods found here are very selfish, human, and petty. They often have direct interactions with people and th eir lives, and can often have children with them, creating demigods. They have been

Strategies For Relieving The National Debt - 1041 Words

The Canadian government has many different strategies to relieving the national debt while being able to sustain the stability of the economy and its many markets. These different strategies include the government selling debts to the banks, wage and price increases, and fiscal and monetary policies. These policies are briefly mentioned and outlined in Chapter Eleven: Policy Matters. (DPE, 145,147) One strategy the government uses is selling their debts to other parties, usually the banks. It is a good technique because it keeps a constant cash flow within the controllers of our economy, being the government and the large banks. The government sells their debt away to the banks of Canada that way they have cash flow available for use. The†¦show more content†¦Also with the inflation on the price of goods, the percentage of tax charged on each purchase will increase creating more profit for the government. Now that the government has an increase in cash flow, they can use this money to pay off some of the national debt or decide to reinvest the tax dollars into the economy or infrastructure. However there is a downside to constantly using this strategy. The government would not want to inflate prices too often because it could create a large GDP gap compared to the GDP of other countries. This gap would make it more difficult to trade goods with other countries. The only way trade would be fair with a large GDP gap would be if two countries trade different good s with each other of equal relative value, thus making the balance of trade zero, as explained in Chapter Ten: International Cheques and Balances. (DPE, 129) The government can also use one of two discretionary policies, either fiscal or monetary. Fiscal policy is where the government either increases taxes and decreases government spending or decrease taxes and increase government spending. 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A Critical Analysis of Various Schools of Thought in Strategy Theory Free Essays

Strategy theory is a multi-disciplinary academic field with competing schools of thought based on often-incompatible assumptions, including even the basic definition of the field of study.   This is highlighted by the many attempts in the last decade to identify main paradigms, and search for new approaches. Mintzberg (1990; 1998) has put forward a taxonomy of assumptions and approaches, identifying ten main schools of thought, of which three are normative and together constitute the â€Å"classical approach† to business strategy. We will write a custom essay sample on A Critical Analysis of Various Schools of Thought in Strategy Theory or any similar topic only for you Order Now    The other seven are descriptive in nature.   Mintzberg named these schools the design, planning, position, entrepreneurial, cognition, learning, power, cultural, environmental, and configuration schools (Haugstad, 1999). This paper will evaluate the design, planning, and position schools (the â€Å"classical† view) as a single approach, contrasting it with a hybrid of the learning and the cultural schools (the â€Å"resource-based† view, according to Mintzberg’s classification). 1.0  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Classical Approach to Strategy The 2nd Industrial Revolution saw the emergence of mass national markets as developments in technology provided means to production hereto unavailable.   Economies of scale and scope provided the rationale for large-scale investment, and thus the emergence of strategic investment, and competitive strategy, as a means to shape market forces and affect the competitive environment. Subsequently, World War II supplied a vital stimulus to strategic thinking in business as well as military domains, because it highlighted the problem of allocating scarce resources across entire economies (Ghemawat, 1999). The work of Andrews, Christensen, Smith, Selznik, and Learned et al in the 1950’s form the design school (in Mintzberg’s taxonomy), while Ansoff through his work on corporate strategy is seen as the founder of the planning school (Haugstad, 1999). The original design school outlook was that of essential â€Å"fit† between a company’s internal resources and capabilities (strengths and weaknesses) against an external environment (possibly hostile, providing threats as well as opportunities). This gave rise to a framework that came to be referred to as SWOT, representing a â€Å"major step forward in bringing explicitly competitive thinking to bear on questions of strategy† (Ghemawat, 1999: pg 6). The SWOT gained quick acceptance as management practice, but did not provide satisfactory closure to the problems of actually defining a firm’s distinctive competence, and resource allocation for long-term development versus short-term gain. Igor Ansoff’s book, â€Å"Corporate Strategy†, was seminal in establishing the planning school’s approach.   Ansoff subscribed to the â€Å"fit† approach of the design school, but emphasized resource allocation in relation to a â€Å"common thread† that he defined as a firm’s â€Å"mission† or its commitment to exploit an existing need in the marketplace (Ghemawat, 1999). The planning school also emphasized a formal planning process resulting in detailed programming of the organization (Haugstad, 1999).   Ansoff and others also worked to translate the logic built into the SWOT framework into complex sequences of questions that needed to be answered in the development of strategies. Adam Marshall combined the concepts of supply and demand analysis in 1890 into the â€Å"Marshallian scissors†, which featured a downward-sloping demand curve and upward-sloping supply curve.   He also introduced the concept of price elasticity of demand. Supply-demand analysis was quickly incorporated into economics and marketing courses at business schools, though it seems to have had less impact on the teaching and practice of business strategy.   Other economists of what became known as the â€Å"Harvard School† argued that the structure of some industries might permit incumbent firms to earn positive economic profits over long periods of time. Thus an industry’s structure would determine the conduct of buyers and sellers and, by implication, the industry’s performance in terms of profitability, efficiency, and innovation. Michael Porter, in his framework for industry analysis, generalized the supply-demand analysis of individual markets in several important respects: relaxation of the assumptions of homogeneity (of product) and large numbers (of competing sellers); shifting attention from 2-stage vertical chains, each consisting of a supplier and a buyer, to 3-stage chains made p of suppliers, rivals, and buyers; catering for potential entrants and substitute products. Porter’s work formed the basis of what became known as the position school of business strategy.   This school recognizes only three generic strategies: cost leadership, differentiation, and focusing.   Thus, the school sees strategy as the selection of an attractive industry (Porter, 1980), and good positioning within this industry (Porter, 1985).    How to cite A Critical Analysis of Various Schools of Thought in Strategy Theory, Papers

Project It Has Been Mentioned According †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Project It Has Been Mentioned According? Answer: Introduction This study is about Aveo Group Limited which has been in the field of re-establishing retirement communities for the last 25 years. Not only Aveo Group has re-established but also developed and managed the living of senior community. Aveo Group has accommodations all over Australia including the suburban areas, main country and coastal areas. In this project it has been mentioned that according to the Four Corners study Aveo was accused of ripping off customers almost all of them elderly and vulnerable at its retirement villages. There are also allegations that Aveo had in place complex contracts and exorbitant fees. Therefore this study aims to look into the inside happenings that lead to such a shameful result. Here in this project the financial management policies and practices with respect to their social responsibility and social outcome is evaluated and Aveo as an investment proposition has also been discussed. Aveos financial management policies and practices with respect to their social responsibility and social outcomes of their actions: Financial management policies of Aveo group Limited should be such that, it does not hamper the social duties performed or the responsibilities towards its environment in which it operates is not disturbed (Lanis and Richardson 2012). But in reality this might not be the scenario (Hilson 2012). In present times the situation is such that the economic, social and environmental concerns are becoming a mandate concern for the companies and in order to maintain it the entire system or operational hierarchy is required to be integrated or disintegrated as the case may be (Brigham and Houston 2012). Generally there exists a positive relationship between financial management policies and corporate social responsibilities performed, but in case of Aveo Group Limited there exists an anomaly (Brigham 2014). Aveo Group Limited as a company neither could maintain financial management policies nor could maintain CSR because the financial policies were not in accordance to the stakeholder theory that is each and every stakeholder of business should be treated equally and should be given equal amount of rights in decision making of the organization (Brigham and Ehrhardt 2013). Now as a stakeholder is a part of the company, therefore his or her welfare falls under the domain of Corporate Social Responsibility, thus the CSR duties of Aveo were also hampered (Higgins 2012). This ultimately led to reduced profits and increase in the burden of liabilities which very naturally forced the company to rob its customers out of their money in the form of exorbitant fees and other means (Petty et al . 2015). Experts in this domain of study are of the opinion that a good CSR record results in increase in employment or employment desirability in the company and also an increase in the rate of investment in the company (Mathuva 2015). But Aveo, in relation to this matter failed in both respects, that is, it neither had a good CSR record nor did it have a proper stakeholder theory to utilize, which led to further problems (Aguinis and Glavas, 2012). Another cause that led to the downfall of Aveo Group Limited is that the statistical analysis might not be done properly, that is, it might not be free of errors and also the exclusion of investment from the research and development domain might be another reason (Epstein and Buhovac 2014). Some of the policies that are implemented by the company are Integrity in Corporate Reporting, Timely and Balanced disclosure and Security holder engagement. Integrity in corporate reporting refers to the policy in which the company has arranged to set up an Audit and Risk Committee which will work according to the laid down references approved by the Board of Directors. On the other hand Timely and Balanced Disclosure is another policy set up by the group in which there is a provision of communication policy as well, both of which are established with the intention of checking the compliance of the company operations with the periodical disclosure requirements of the Corporations Act and the ASX Listing rules (Edmans 2012). The last policy that is being discussed in this study is the Security holder engagement policy which has been established by the group keeping the stakeholder theory in mind. This policy aims to keep the security holders informed about the important decisions and major developments that is going on in the company. Now these three policies though appear to have a strong hold on the ethical and operational scope of the company did not really help Aveo in reducing its liabilities or increasing its profit. Though the policies were essentially created with an aim to enhance the operating profit of the firm and improve the level of CSR as well (Kim, Park and Wier 2012). Aveo as an investment proposition After the investigation conducted by the Four Corners, it came into light that the 11.5 percent plunge in share price of the company was due to the unreasonable fees claimed by the group from its customers. Shares ofAveo Group have observed a fine change of -0.40% or -0.01 in the most recent times. With time as the earning season comes to an end, investors look for companies which have a steady track record. Aveo Group Limited will surely loose on a huge base of investors for the negative feedback that has been published. Currently, the 14-day Average Directional Index (ADX) for Aveo Group is presently at 20.98. Generally an ADX ranging from 0-25 would mean that it is an absent or weak trend. A value of 25-50 would mostly interpret a strong trend. A value of 50-75 would mean a strong trend, and lastly a range of 75-100 would result in an extremely strong trend. ADX is particularly utilized to measure trend strength but not direction. The data calculates as per the exhibit has been gi ven in Appendix (CSRHub - Sustainability and Corporate Social Responsiblity (CSR) ratings on over 17,487 of the worlds largest public and private companies., 2017). In addition as per the data calculated on stock prices, the price has been taken from September 2015 till August 2017. There has been a vital fluctuation in the stock prices. However, as per the base line of 5% in the stock return, the fluctuation has been within the limit except the fluctuation in June which had crossed the base line and then further decreased as it has been accused of ripping the retirement villages which extended its volatility. On the contrary, the volatility has been received maximum in the last month that is August 2017, explaining the investment is not clear because of their fees and confusing contracts. Figure 1: Stock Returns of Aveo On the other hand, the traded volume of Aveo has been fluctuating and showing the changes to be 92.69% in traded volume which creates an unpleasant environment for investment and that is why the fluctuations has been rampant. Also, because of the stock prices being wildly ranging the change in trade volumes has been irregular. Figure 2: Traded Volumes of Aveo Causes of volatility in the share prices of Aveo Limited: Mulpha an well known investor in Australia has suffered a loss due to the negative feedback going on, that came into exposure due to the publishing of Four Corners. Mulphas 22.6% strategic stockholding in Aveo did not prove to be profitable (Hu et al. 2015). The report presented by Four Corners stated that the company had enough loopholes to fail drastically. The report also brought into light the fact that a number of policies and reforms that were established by the management of the company in the last ten years were not put into consideration that is they were not even implemented (Eyles, Wild and Eversole 2014). Aveos shares on the stock exchange of Australia saw a plunge of 11.5% after the exposure of the report. This forced Aveo to arrange for an emergency board meeting and hence announced a buy-back of 9%. It has also been claimed by the higher authorities of Aveo that no board meeting was held in reality. Mulpha though is of the opinion that the volatility of shares is the primary reason for the decision of buying back the shares. Conclusion Aveo Group Limited, as a result of the misdeed committed by the company led to total disaster both in terms of its goodwill and total revenue incurred or operating profit. As it has been observed in the study Aveo Group Limited though had implemented financial management policies but they were not in accordance with the corporate social responsibilities or duties that the company had to perform in the due course of time. Moreover the management policies introduced by the company like Corporate Reporting and Timely Balanced Disclosure were not implemented properly. All these factors added with the poor company regulations led the company to commit the unethical activity of robbing its customers off exorbitant fees and wrongly trying to remove the old tenants in order to bring new ones with more money. All these led to the downfall of Aveo Group Limited, one of the leading firms in Australia in the field of re-establishing retirement communities (McDougall, Barrie and Lange, 2017). References Aguinis, H. and Glavas, A., 2012. What we know and dont know about corporate social responsibility: A review and research agenda. Journal of management, 38(4), pp.932-968. Brigham, E.F. and Ehrhardt, M.C., 2013. Financial management: Theory practice. Cengage Learning. Brigham, E.F. and Houston, J.F., 2012. Fundamentals of financial management. Cengage Learning. Brigham, E.F., 2014. Financial management theory and practice. Atlantic Publishers Distri. CSRHub - Sustainability and Corporate Social Responsiblity (CSR) ratings on over 17,487 of the worlds largest public and private companies. (2017). CSR information for Harvey Norman Holdings. [online] Available at: https://www.csrhub.com/CSR_and_sustainability_information/Harvey-Norman-Holdings [Accessed 11 Sep. 2017]. Edmans, A., 2012. The link between job satisfaction and firm value, with implications for corporate social responsibility. The Academy of Management Perspectives, 26(4), pp.1-19. Epstein, M.J. and Buhovac, A.R., 2014. Making sustainability work: Best practices in managing and measuring corporate social, environmental, and economic impacts. Berrett-Koehler Publishers. Eyles, K.J., Wild, A.L. and Eversole, R., 2014. Retirement Living in Tasmania: Expanding choices, informing decisions. Higgins, R.C., 2012. Analysis for financial management. McGraw-Hill/Irwin.Hilson, G., 2012. Corporate Social Responsibility in the extractive industries: Experiences from developing countries. Resources Policy, 37(2), pp.131-137. Hu, X., Xia, B., Buys, L., Skitmore, M., Kennedy, R. and Drogemuller, R., 2015. Stakeholder analysis of a retirement village development in Australia: insights from an interdisciplinary workshop. International Journal of Construction Management, 15(4), pp.299-309. Kim, Y., Park, M.S. and Wier, B., 2012. Is earnings quality associated with corporate social responsibility?. The Accounting Review, 87(3), pp.761-796. Lanis, R. and Richardson, G., 2012. Corporate social responsibility and tax aggressiveness: An empirical analysis. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, 31(1), pp.86-108. Mathuva, D., 2015. The Influence of working capital management components on corporate profitability. McDougall, K., Barrie, H. and Lange, J., 2017. South Australia Retirement Village Survey 2016. Petty, J.W., Titman, S., Keown, A.J., Martin, P., Martin, J.D. and Burrow, M., 2015. Financial management: Principles and applications. Pearson Higher Education AU.